A new GLO Discussion Papersuggests that a higher penetration of industrial robots in the local labor market is positively related to the health of the low-skilled population.
The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.
Author Abstract: Technological advancements bring changes to our life, altering our behaviors as well as our role in the economy. In this paper, we examine the potential effect of the rise of robotic technology on health. The results of the analysis suggest that higher penetration of industrial robots in the local labor market is positively related to the health of the low-skilled population. A ten percent increase in robots per 1,000 workers is associated with an approximately 10% reduction in the fraction of low-skilled individuals reporting poor health. Further analysis suggests that reallocation of tasks and reduction in unhealthy behavior partly explain this finding.
It is so sad to learn about the sudden and unexpected death of GLO Fellow Ansgar Belke (*March 28, 1965; + July 22, 2020), Professor of Economics at the University of Duisburg-Essen. He is sadly mourned by his many friends including the GLO community. We remember a great scientist and productive colleague.
Ansgar Belke obtained his BA and MA in Economics in Münster, Paris, and Kiel, and a PhD in Economics and Habilitation in Economics and Econometrics from the Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
He has been since 2008 a Full Professor of Macroeconomics and Director of the Institute of Business and Economic Studies (IBES) at the University of Duisburg-Essen. He has been (ad personam) Jean Monnet Professor since 2012. Before, he was Full Professor of Economics, in particular Macroeconomics, Applied Economics, and Economic Policy, at the University of Vienna (2000-2001); C4 Professor of Economics, in particular Foreign Trade, at the University of Hohenheim (2001-2007); Head of the Eastern European Centre at the University of Hohenheim (2001-2007); and Head of the Centre for European Integration Research at the University of Hohenheim (2001-2007).
Ansgar Belke has been an Associate Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), Brussels; and a Visiting Researcher at the IMF in Washington, DC, CentER Tilburg, CEPS Brussels, IfW Kiel, DIW Berlin, and OeNB Vienna. Furthermore, he has been Research Director for International Macroeconomics at the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin), and a Visiting Professor at the Hertie School of Governance, Berlin. He served as a member of the “Monetary Expert Panel” of the European Parliament from 2009 to 2014 and has again been appointed for the legislative period of the European Parliament 2020 to 2024.
He has published widely in international refereed journals and other outlets, and had regular appearances in the print media and in national and international television broadcasts.
His main research interests were in the fields of international macroeconomics, monetary economics, European integration, and applied econometrics.
As external DIW Research Director for International Macroeconomics, Ansgar Belke supported Klaus F. Zimmermann during his time as President of the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW) in the reforms of the institute.
Ansgar Belke was a GLO Fellow from the beginning and has contributed substantially, e.g. by publishing his research in the GLO Discussion Paper series.
For his academic achievements, Academia Europaea, the Academy of Europe, had elected Ansgar Belke in July 2020 as a member, which is considered to be a huge honor and a sign of great respect.
A new GLO Discussion Paper finds that women in the Caribbean tourism work for less productive and profitable firms. However, those firms with females at the top employ more women, particularly in management roles.
The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.
Author Abstract: This study contributes to the rapidly growing literature on women in tourism. It focuses on a group of 13 Caribbean countries. The study analyses the impact of women in apical positions within firms (top manager or owner) on firm performance – productivity, profitability and female employment. For this both a decomposition model and the Inverse Probability Weighted Regression Adjustment (IPWRA) estimator are used. The analysis finds that opportunities for women in these positions in the Caribbean are constrained to less productive and profitable firms, as elsewhere. However, those firms with females at the top employ more women, particularly in management roles.
A new GLO Discussion Paper provides first evidence that race does affect COVID-19 outcomes in the US.A heterogeneity analysis reveals that the main channels of transmission are socioeconomic status and household composition.
The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.
Author Abstract: Discussion on the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on African Americans has been at center stage since the outbreak of the epidemic in the United States. To present day, however, lack of race-disaggregated individual data has prevented a rigorous assessment of the extent of this phenomenon and the reasons why blacks may be particularly vulnerable to the disease. Using individual and georeferenced death data collected daily by the Cook County Medical Examiner, we provide first evidence that race does affect COVID-19 outcomes. The data confirm that in Cook County blacks are overrepresented in terms of COVID-19 related deaths since|as of June 16, 2020|they constitute 35 percent of the dead, so that they are dying at a rate 1.3 times higher than their population share. Furthermore, by combining the spatial distribution of mortality with the 1930s redlining maps for the Chicago area, we obtain a block group level panel dataset of weekly deaths over the period January 1, 2020-June 16, 2020, over which we establish that, after the outbreak of the epidemic, historically lower-graded neighborhoods display a sharper increase in mortality, driven by blacks, while no pre-treatment differences are detected. Thus, we uncover a persistence influence of the racial segregation induced by the discriminatory lending practices of the 1930s, by way of a diminished resilience of the black population to the shock represented by the COVID-19 outbreak. A heterogeneity analysis reveals that the main channels of transmission are socioeconomic status and household composition, whose influence is magnified in combination with a higher black share.
The last issue 4 (October) 2020, Volume 33, of the Journal of Population Economics is now published. Access the Table of Content and the papers.
Clarivate Analytics Social Sciences Citation Index Factor released July 2020: IMPACT FACTOR1.840 (2019) from 1.253 (2018); 5-YEAR IF 2.353 (2019) from 2.072 (2018)
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A new GLO Discussion Paper studies the effects of grade retention in school on later labor market success. For occupations where on-the-job training is important, job candidates with a record of grade retention are less likely to receive a positive reaction on job applications.
The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.
Author Abstract: This article contributes to the nascent literature on the effect of grade retention in school on later labour market success. A field experiment is conducted to rule out the endogeneity of both outcomes. More concretely, various treatments of grade retention are randomly assigned to fictitious résumés sent in application to real vacancies. Overall, grade retention does not significantly affect positive call-back by employers. However, when narrowing in on vacancies for occupations where on-the-job training is important, job candidates with a record of grade retention are 16% less likely to receive a positive reaction. This finding is consistent with Queuing theory.
A new GLO Discussion Paper surveys the emerging and rapidly growing literature on the economic consequences of COVID-19 and governmental responses, and attempts to synthetize the insights emerging from a very large number of studies.
The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.
Author Abstract: We develop a possibility to work index (PWI) taking the ability to work from home and workplace closures into account. By using the data from the HLFS in Turkey, we examine the individual level determinants of PWI. Our findings reveal that PWI and ability to work from home are significantly different, and essential or closed jobs are not necessarily concentrated at the bottom of the wage distribution. Therefore, from a policy perspective, PWI can be a more encompassing measure of risk and can assist the public authorities to design better targeted social policies. Our results also point out that wage inequality is likely to deteriorate as a result of the supply shocks from confinement policies. However, the overall negative distributional effects of lockdown and disparity between employees in different economic activities become more substantial with duration. These suggest that in order to avoid major increases in earning inequalities and related social problems, governments would be better off with shorter and stricter lockdowns.
A new GLO Discussion Paper assesses whether students respond to messages about majoring in Economics, and whether this response varies by student gender. While males respond positively, there are no significant effects for female students.
The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.
Author Abstract: Why is the proportion of women who study Economics so low? This study assesses whether students respond to messages about majoring in Economics, and whether this response varies by student gender. We conducted an experiment among more than 2,000 students enrolled in Economics Principles courses, with interventions proceeding in two phases. In the first phase, randomly assigned students received a message with basic information about the Economics major, or the basic message combined with an emphasis on the rewarding careers or financial returns associated with the major. A control group received no such messages. In the second phase, all students receiving a grade of B- or better received a message after the course ended encouraging them to major in Economics. For a randomly chosen subset of these students, the message also encouraged them to persist in Economics even if their grade was disappointing. The basic message increased the proportion of male students majoring in Economics by 2 percentage points, equivalent to the control mean. We find no significant effects for female students. Extrapolating to the full sample, the basic message would nearly double the male/female ratio among Economics majors. Our results suggest the limits of light-touch interventions to promote diversity in Economics.
A new GLO Discussion Paper surveys the emerging and rapidly growing literature on the economic consequences of COVID-19 and governmental responses, and attempts to synthetize the insights emerging from a very large number of studies.
The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.
Author Abstract: The goal of this piece is to survey the emerging and rapidly growing literature on the economic consequences of COVID-19 and governmental responses, and to synthetize the insights emerging from a very large number of studies. This survey (i) provides an overview of the data sets used to measure social distancing and COVID-19 cases and deaths; (ii) reviews the literature on the determinants of compliance and effectiveness of social distancing; (iii) summarizes the literature on the socio-economic consequences of COVID-19 and governmental interventions, focusing on labor, health, gender, discrimination and environmental aspects; and (iv) discusses policy proposals.
A new GLO Discussion Paper provides worldwide evidence that poor labor market conditions as proxied by unemployment and involuntary part-time employment are associated with lower ‘subjective well-being efficiency,’ while social support, freedom, and the rule of law improve it.
The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.
Author Abstract: Most of the studies on subjective well-being focus on the determinants of absolute life satisfaction or happiness levels. This paper asks an important but understudied question, namely, could countries achieve the same or even higher subjective well-being by using the same resources more efficiently? We provide the first country panel evidence on whether nations efficiently transform their endowments (income, education, and health) into subjective well- being and which factors influence the conversion efficiency. Using data on 91 countries from 2009-2014, we find that that well-being efficiency gains are possible worldwide. We show that poor labor market conditions as proxied by unemployment and involuntary part-time employment are associated with lower ‘subjective well-being efficiency,’ while social support, freedom, and the rule of law improve it. These findings are useful to policymakers in helping identify inefficiencies, reducing wasteful resource use, and developing policies that promote sustainable development and human well-being. Our results are robust to a battery of sensitivity checks and raise policy-relevant questions about the appropriate instruments to improve subjective well-being efficiency.
Posted inNews, Research|Comments Off on Worldwide evidence on subjective well-being efficiency. New research by GLO Fellows Milena Nikolova & Olga Popova
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