After the pandemic is before the next pandemic: A new GLO Discussion Paper navigates through a long-awaited health policy transformation in areas that help to better prepare for the next pandemic.
Author Abstract: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is bringing about once-in-a-century changes to human society. Three key properties escalate the COVID-19 pandemic into a syndemic. To address this triple crisis, we discuss the importance of integrating early, targeted and coordinated public health measures with more equitable social policy, and with health care policy that realigns incentives of the major players in the health care market. Drawing on evidence from past and present epidemics as well as comparing variations in response to the current health emergency between China, the U.S. and beyond, we navigate long-awaited health policy transformation in areas that help us better prepare for the next pandemic.
The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.
A new GLO Discussion Paper finds that while most counties in the U.S. experienced a Baby Boom following the war, the increase in fertility was lower in high-casualty rate counties than in low-casualty rate counties which were positively related to 1950s female employment and household income.
The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.
Author Abstract: This paper examines the impact of male casualties due to World War II on fertility and female employment in the United States. We rely on the number of casualties at the county-level and use a difference-in-differences strategy. While most counties in the U.S. experienced a Baby Boom following the war, we find that the increase in fertility was lower in high-casualty rate counties than in low-casualty rate counties. Analyzing the channels through which male casualties could have decreased fertility, we provide evidence that county male casualties are positively related to 1950s female employment and household income.
A new paper published ONLINE FIRST freely accessible estimates the effects of an increase in free pre-school education in Englandon child development which were found to be small.
The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.
by Jo Blanden, Emilia Del Bono, Kirstine Hansen & Birgitta Rabe
Published ONLINE FIRST 2021: Journal of Population Economics OPEN ACCESS andPDF.
Author Abstract: Policy-makers wanting to support child development can choose to adjust the quantity or quality of publicly funded universal pre-school. To assess the impact of such changes, we estimate the effects of an increase in free pre-school education in England of about 3.5 months at age 3 on children’s school achievement at age 5. We exploit date-of-birth discontinuities that create variation in the length and starting age of free pre-school using administrative school records linked to nursery characteristics. Estimated effects are small overall, but the impact of the additional term is substantially larger in settings with the highest inspection quality rating but not in settings with highly qualified staff. Estimated effects fade out by age 7.
May 17, 2021: “Human Resources Challenges” Virtual Workshop of the Academia Europaea (AE) Section “Economics, Business and Management Sciences”, all CET/Vienna. See also: Academia Europaea Website; CEU Website. The morning session presented work from the forthcoming Handbook of “Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics”published by Springer Nature reviewing and evaluating literature to human resources and technology as well as migation and aging. The afternoon session dealt with Covid-19 issues in the context of Mass Antigen Testing as well as female self-employment; presentations were based on GLO Discussion Papers referenced below forthcoming in the Journal of Population Economics. Both sessions were recorded and the videos are freely accessible below.
PROGRAM
Moderator of the event: Marton Leiszen (Central European University, Skills and Applied Learning Coordinator at the School of Public Policy)
Marton Leiszen
11.00 – 11.10 am Welcome Marton Leiszen (CEU), Martin Kahanec (MAE & CEU), Klaus F. Zimmermann (MAE, UNU-MERIT & GLO)
13.00 – 15.00 pm SESSION II:Covid-19 Research Both presentations were based on fresh and elaborated research papers, which are forthcoming in the Journal of Population Economics. The Journal has established a tradition of publishing some highly referenced research papers on Covid-19.
13.00 – 14.00 pm Martin Kahanec (MAE & CEU) with Lukas Laffers and Bernhard Schmidpeter The Impact of Mass Antigen Testing for COVID-19 on the Prevalence of the Disease GLO Discussion Paper No. 775, 2021, Journal of Population Economics.
Martin Kahanec
14.00 – 15.00 pm Alexander Kritikos (DIW Berlin & Potsdam University) with Daniel Graeber & Johannes Seebauer COVID-19: A Crisis of the Female Self-employed GLO Discussion Paper No. 788, 2021, Journal of Population Economics.
Posted inEvents, News|Comments Off on Report: “Human Resources Challenges” Virtual Workshop of the Academia Europaea (AE) Section “Economics, Business and Management Sciences” took place on May 17, 2021 hosted by the Central European University (CEU).
A new paper published ONLINE FIRST freely accessible argues that, in the presence of idiosyncratic ability shocks after childbirth, irreversible fertility decisions distort the resource allocation between the quantity and quality of children.
The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.
Published ONLINE FIRST 2021: Journal of Population Economics OPEN ACCESS andPDF.
Author Abstract: This research argues that, in the presence of idiosyncratic ability shocks after childbirth, irreversible fertility decisions distort the resource allocation between the quantity and quality of children. In underdeveloped environments, where family size is locked into large levels, education investment places a heavy financial burden on households, which deprives some competent children of learning opportunities. In contrast, in more developed environments, family size is locked into smaller levels, which facilitates education investment even for some children with low aptitude. A redistributive policy to mitigate the distortion is proposed for each stage.
A new GLO Discussion Paper discusses reverse brain drain of white-collar migrant workers returning to live in their countries of origin while continuing to work for employers in their countries of destination as a consequence of working-from home experiences during the Covid-19 period.
The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.
Author Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a substantial increase in the prevalence of working from home among white-collar occupations. This can have important implications for the future of the workplace and quality of life. We discuss an additional implication, which we label reverse brain drain: the possibility that white-collar migrant workers return to live in their countries of origin while continuing to work for employers in their countries of destination. We estimate the potential size of this reverse flow using data from the European Labor Force Survey. Our estimates suggest that the UK, France, Switzerland and Germany each have around half a million skilled migrants who could perform their jobs from their home countries. Most of them originate from the other EU member states: both old and new. We discuss the potential economic, social and political implications of such reverse brain drain.
Left, Michaella Vanore (UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University and GLO), Managing Editor of the Journal of Population Economics (JoPE), and right, Alessio J. Brown (Co-Director of POP at UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University and GLO), former JoPE Managing Editor, both welcomed the participants to the JoPE Issue 2/2021 Webinar, explained the Maastricht hosting institutions and introduced into the event program.
Program of Journal Webinar for Issue 2/2021
The event took place on January 28, 2021 hosted by UNU-MERIT/Maastricht. Full video of the event. All articles are freely accessible through the links provided below; those with a READLINK are free to read online, the others are free to download.
Time
Topic
Session chair/ Presenter
16:00 CET
Welcome
Michaella Vanore, Alessio J. Brown, Klaus F. Zimmermann
16:15-17:00
Session I: Gender issues in Bangladesh, China and developing countries
The Journal of Population Economicsorganized a webinar on January 28, 16:00-18:00 CET (Maastricht/Dutch time) to present highlights from the newly published issue 34(2)/2021. The event was supported by GLO and hosted by UNU-MERIT via Zoom. Alessio J. Brown (Co-Director of POP at UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University and GLO) welcomed the participants. Managing Editor Michaella Vanore, (UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University and GLO) guided through the event. Editor Terra McKinnish (University of Colorado Boulder and GLO) and Editor-in-Chief Klaus F. Zimmermann (UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University and GLO) chaired the sessions.
The issue lead paperstudies adolescent girls’ attitudes towards intimate partner violence and child marriage using data from rural Bangladesh. It further investigates how numerous variables relate to preferences for egalitarian gender norms in rural Bangladesh.
Three highly impact blogs are based on this lead article:
Thang Dao on The education gender gap and the demographic transition in developing countries Yun Xiao on: Education and gender role attitudes
Further Workshop Presentations: Covid-19
John P. de New
Matthew Zahn
Abel Brodeur
Happiness in Issue 2/2021
Is Happiness U-shaped Everywhere? Age and Subjective Well-being in 145 Countries by Blanchflower, David G. Free Readlink. https://rdcu.be/b7kyO
Children, Unhappiness and Family Finances by Blanchflower, David G. & Clark, Andrew E. Free Readlink. https://rdcu.be/b7Z4b
Watch the GLO Virtual Seminar presentation of Danny Blanchflower on Despair, Unhappiness and Age explaining this work. Video of seminar. Report of the event.
More on Gender in Issue 2/2021
The Sex Ratio and Global Sodomy Law Reform in the Post-WWII era by Simon Chang Free Readlink. https://rdcu.be/clyvH
The Education Gender Gap and the Demographic Transition in Developing Countries Carole Bonnet, Bertrand Garbinti & Anne Solaz Free Readlink. https://rdcu.be/clyvA
A new GLO Discussion Paper presents a novel theory that immigrants facilitate innovation and entrepreneurship by being willing and able to invest in new skills.
The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.
Author Abstract: We present a novel theory that immigrants facilitate innovation and entrepreneurship by being willing and able to invest in new skills. Immigrants whose human capital is not immediately transferable to the host country face lower opportunity costs of investing in new skills or methods and will be more exible in their human capital investments than observationally equivalent natives. Areas with large numbers of immigrants may therefore lead to more entrepreneurship and innovation, even among natives. We provide empirical evidence from the United States that is consistent with the theory’s predictions.
A new paper published ONLINE FIRST with free READLINK provides robust evidence for the Netherlands that policies targeted at working mothers with young children generate the largest labor supply responses but generate little additional government revenue. Introducing a flat tax, basic income or joint taxation is not effective.
The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.
Published ONLINE FIRST 2021: Journal of Population Economics FREE ACCESS: Readlink: https://rdcu.be/cloOs
Author Abstract: We combine the strengths of structural models and natural experiments in an analysis of tax-benefit reforms in the Netherlands. We first estimate structural discrete-choice models for labour supply. Next, we simulate key past reforms and compare the predictions of the structural model with the outcomes of quasi-experimental studies. The structural model predicts the treatment effects well. The structural model then allows us to conduct counterfactual policy analysis. Policies targeted at working mothers with young children generate the largest labour supply responses but generate little additional government revenue. Introducing a flat tax, basic income or joint taxation is not effective.
Posted inNews, Research|Comments Off on Analyzing tax-benefit reforms in the Netherlands using structural models and natural experiments New paper published ONLINE FIRST in the Journal of Population Economics by Henk-Wim de Boer and Egbert L. W. Jongen.
Organized by POP@UNU-MERIT, GLO & Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore and hosted by UNU-MERIT, Maastricht, an Online Workshop on “Technological Change, Employment & Skills” will take place on June 7, 2021, 2.00 – 6.00 pm CEST/Maastricht/Dutch time. The workshop presents the core findings of 10 chapters of the 20 review articles of the section on ‘Technological Changes and the Labor Market’ in the Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics Handbook supported by the GLO and published by Springer Nature. The event is motivated by the attempt to review and discuss the general findings and the state-of-the-art in the economics and business literature.
Below you find an introduction to the Handbook Project, the detailed Workshop Program (PDF) and a listing of the 20 Handbook Chapters with links to access them on the Springer Nature website.
No advanced registration needed. Zoom Link: https://maastrichtuniversity.zoom.us/j/92175077007
The Handbook Project
The Handbook in “Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics” provides an integrated picture of knowledge about the economic and social behaviors and interactions of human beings on markets, in households, in companies and in societies. A fast evolving project by the GLO with a core basis in labor economics, human resources, demography and econometrics, it will provide a large and complete summary and evaluation of the scientific state of the art. Chapters are developed under the guidance of an engaged team of editors led by the GLO President administered in 30 sections.
to find out how to contribute to this exciting venture with an own chapter.
The Section “Technological Changes and the Labor Market” is directed by Marco Vivarelli, who is also the GLO Cluster Lead of the “Technological Change” area. The Section is just completing its set of 20 published papers now available for use, review and debate.
Workshop: Technological Change, Employment and Skills. June 7, 2021
14:00Opening Remarks Welcome: Neil Foster-McGregor (Deputy Director, UNU-MERIT) Introduction: Klaus F. Zimmermann (UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University & GLO; Editor of the “Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics”)
14:15Aims and Scope Marco Vivarelli(Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore & GLO; Editor of the Section: Technological Changes and the Labor Market”)
14:30Technology and Work: Key Stylized Facts for the Digital Age Mario Pianta (Scuola Normale Superiore & GLO)
14:45Innovation, Technology Adoption and Employment: Evidence Synthesis Mehmet Ugur (University of Greenwich)
15:00Innovation, Employment, and the Business Cycle Bernhard Dachs (AIT Austrian Institute of Technology)
15:15Technological Innovations and Labor Demand Using Linked Firm-Level Data Eva Hagsten (University of Iceland)
15:30General Discussion Introduced by Alessio Brown (UNU-MERIT & GLO)
16:00Coffee/Tea Break
16:15AI and Robotics Innovation Daniele Vertesy (Joint Research Center & GLO)
16:30Robots at Work: Automatable and Non-automatable Jobs Grace Lordan (LSE)
16:45Why do Employees Participate in Innovations? Skills and Organisational Design Issues and the Ongoing Technological Transformation Nathalie Greenan (Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers & GLO)
17:00Skill-Sets for Prospective Careers of Highly Qualified Labor Dirk Meissner (HSE University)
17:15Quantity and Quality of Work in the Platform Economy Dario Guarascio (Sapienza University of Rome & GLO)
18:00Conclusions Marco Vivarelli and Klaus F. Zimmermann
Handbook Section “Technological Changes and the Labor Market“
The Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics Editor: Klaus F. Zimmermann
Section – Technological Changes and the Labor Market Marco Vivarelli, Section Editor Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Department of Economic Policy, Milan, Italy Note: Find abstract links of the articles below the chapter titles.
Digitization and the Future of Work: Macroeconomic Consequences Melanie Arntz1,2, Terry Gregory3,1, Ulrich Zierahn5,1,4 1 Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, 2University of Heidelberg, 3Institute of Labor Economics, IZA,4CESifo Research Network, 5Utrecht University
Innovation, Employment, and the Business Cycle Bernhard Dachs1, Martin Hud2, Bettina Peters2,3 1AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, 2Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, 3University of Luxembourg
Why do employees participate in innovations? Skills and organisational design issues and the ongoing technological transformation, in production Nathalie Greenan, Silvia Napolitano Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers
Quantity and Quality of Work in the Platform Economy Francesco Bogliacino1, Cristiano Codagnone2,3, Valeria Cirillo4, Dario Guarascio5 1Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2Università degli Studi di Milano, 3Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 4INAPP, National Institute for the Analysis of Public Policies, 5Università degli Studi di Roma
Integration in Global Value Chains and Employment Filippo Bontadini1, Rinaldo Evangelista2, Valentina Meliciani3, Maria Savona1 1University of Sussex, 2University of Camerino, 3University Luiss Guido Carli
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