A new GLO Discussion Paper evaluates the impact of a policy reform in Belgium on the transition to work of young labor market entrants with little experiences: Only short-term effects.
The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.
Author Abstract: This paper evaluates the impact on the transition to work of a policy reform in Belgium that restricted the access to a specific unemployment insurance scheme for young labor market entrants. This scheme entitles youths with no or little labor market experience to unemployment benefits after a waiting period of one year. As of 2015, the Belgian government unexpectedly scrapped benefit eligibility for youths who start the waiting period at the age of 24 or older. The reform implied a change from an inclining to a flat rate (zero-level) benefit profile. We use a difference-in-differences approach to identify the causal impact of this reform on fresh university graduates. Our main finding is that this reform only increases the transition to very short-lived jobs.
A new GLO Discussion Paper attempts to identify and discuss the on-the-job resilience strategies of mismatched workers in Egypt.
The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.
Author Abstract:Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify and discuss the on-the-job resilience strategies of mismatched workers. We empirically focus on Egyptian workers. Design/Methodology/Approach – This study relies on a primary micro-data collection based on design and implementation of a self-administered questionnaire survey and on the conduction of a series of semi-structured interviews. Findings – The results are fourfold: first, the combination of over-qualification and under-skilling is the most frequent in our sample; second, resilience strategies adopted by over-skilled workers mainly depend on mobility and entry to entrepreneurship; third, under-skilled workers do not enter entrepreneurship, but tend to rely on informal on-the-job learning and training opportunities. Fourth, religion and spirituality play a transversal role to cope with adversity for all of our interviewed workers. Originality/value – This study is unique as it draws our attention on factors of resilience for mismatched workers in a developing country, Egypt.
In GLO Discussion Paper No. 450, GLO FellowsStepan Jurajda and Dejan Kovač have recently provided research evidence revealing that given first names of leaders from World War II can predict behavior in the 1991-1995 Croatian war of independence and beyond in society including voting. It provides hard evidence for intergenerational transmission of nationalism. This research work has found already much interest in the scientific community and beyond. It was reviewed by anonymous referees of the Journal of Population Economics and finally accepted for a forthcoming publication in a 2020 journal issue. Below, the authors are interviewed about the background and context of this research.
Stepan Jurajda & Dejan Kovač: Names and Behavior in a War, GLO Discussion Paper 450, 2020. Forthcoming Journal of Population Economics.
Interview
GLO: Scientists across various disciplines have found in recent studies that names of individuals reflect important information about norms, preferences and behavior. What is your innovative approach?
Stepan Jurajda: Our analysis implies that having a ‘nationalist’ first name, one that is synonymous with previous war leader(s), predicts costly patriotic behavior in a current war, presumably due to values transmitted from parents. In our analysis, name choices thus act as an indirect proxy for a strong form of nationalism — the willingness to fight and die in a war for national independence.
Dejan Kovač: Such values are in principle difficult to elicit in surveys, which, together with the war context, sets our analysis apart from other research based on names.
GLO: Other researchers show that history, culture and personal experiences long time ago have a strong impact on current behavior. How does this contribute to our understanding of challenging issues of our time?
Dejan Kovač: Our study of the active engagement in the delivery of an extremely costly public good suggests that the living memory of a previous war allows nations to deal with the collective action problem of participation in a current war.
Stepan Jurajda: We also provide evidence on the nature of inter-generational transmission of political values, an issue that is receiving more and more attention in recent research.
GLO: How did you come to this topic of research, names and behavior in a war?
Dejan Kovač: We were aware of previous research on how names affect individual outcomes on the labor market and in many other settings, and we were wondering whether this strategy can help us understand the massive volunteering for the 1991-1995 Croatian War of Independence. After realizing that indeed it can, we also studied how the values we approximate using name choices relate to current political values in the country.
GLO: What can the world learn from your study?
Stepan Jurajda: Our measurement approach for values that are difficult to elicit in surveys and for values that affected historical events is applicable in other countries that feature a sharply divided ethnic mix and in settings where leaders’ names are notoriously associated with their political beliefs. Given the widespread availability of birth certificate records, the approach is available in many historical settings and it naturally lends itself to the study of inter-generational transmission of values within families, which can help us understand why the effects that wars have on political values and on in-group cooperative behavior are so long-lived.
GLO: Dejan, the paper raised a lot of controversy during your recent campaign for President, why?
Dejan Kovač: Unfortunately, in Croatia we have not yet dealt with many important historical debates and there is still a great division today in the society related to the WWII Croatian history. In fact, one of the reasons of my candidacy was to promote not only civic freedoms, but also scientific freedoms to explore “untested” hypotheses. I would say the paper was used to misinform the general public in order to discredit my political candidacy. The paper does not claim that the values related to the names we study are the same as the values of the WWII leadership of Croatia; we simply have a proxy for nationalistic/patriotic values as of 1991-1995 that allows us to study several important questions. The attacks did not relate to the methodology and made little scientific sense; they were purely political and came from individuals who are politically active, either on the far right or the far left part of the political spectrum. Since some of my other research is on political networks and corruption, I guess I should not be surprised to be attacked through misrepresentation of my work. My agenda is purely scientific and I am a firm believer in a well functioning democracy, where we have institutions, which battle corruption. That being said – the research as well as my political activism mission goes on! (Note: See also the recent GLO interview with Dejan Kovač about his Presidential Race in Croatia.)
*** With Stepan Jurajda & Dejan Kovač spoke Klaus F. Zimmermann, GLO President.
About the authors
Stepan Jurajda: CERGE-EI; Professor at Charles University Prague and Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Dejan Kovač: Postdoctoral Research Associate at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public & International Affairs and Economics Department at Princeton University.
A new GLO Discussion Paper studiesthe role of the population sex ratio, the ratio of men to women, in global sodomy law reform in the post-WWII era. A high sex ratio makes sodomy law less likely to be repealed.
The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.
Author Abstract: This paper studies the role of population sex ratio, i.e. ratio of men to women, in the global wave of sodomy law reform in the post-WWII era. Using a global survey, this paper first finds that men are more homophobic than women and such pattern has persisted across countries and time. With a newly constructed panel data of 183 countries, this paper then finds that high sex ratio causally makes sodomy law less likely to be repealed. The result is robust to numerous checks, including using temperature as an instrumental variable for sex ratio.
A new GLO Discussion Paper finds that air pollution accounts for substantial morbidity and economic burden of mental disorders in China.
The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.
Author Abstract: This study aims to fill the gap in our understanding about exposure to particulate matters with diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and attributable risks and economic costs of mental disorders (MDs). We identify the relationship between PM2.5 and risk of hospital admissions (HAs) for MDs in Beijing and measure the attributable risk and economic cost. We apply a generalized additive model (GAM) with controls for time trend, meteorological conditions, holidays and day of the week. Stratified analyses are performed by age, gender and season. We further estimate health and economic burden of HAs for MDs attributable to PM2.5. A total of 17,252 HAs for MDs are collected. We show that PM2.5 accounts for substantial morbidity and economic burden of MDs. Specifically, a 10 μg/m3 daily increase in PM2.5 is associated with a 3.55% increase in the risk of HAs for MDs, and the effect is more pronounced for older males in colder weather. According to the WHO’s air quality guidelines, 15.12 percent of HAs and 16.19 percent of related medical expenses for MDs are respectively attributable to PM2.5.
Interested researchers are cordially invited to submit their abstracts or papers for presentation consideration at the 32. EBES Conference in Istanbul. The event will take place on July 1-3, 2020 hosted by the Kadir Has University, Istanbul/Turkey, with the support of the Istanbul Economic Research Association.
This is aGLO supported conference.EBESis theEurasia Business and Economics Society, a strategic partner and institutional supporter of GLO. GLO President Klaus F. Zimmermann is also President of EBES.
Invited Speakers
Dr. Asli Demirguc-Kunt is the Chief Economist of Europe and Central Asia Region of the World
Bank. Over her 30-year career in the World Bank, she has also served as the Director
of Research, Director of Development Policy, and the Chief Economist of the
Finance and Private Sector Development Network, conducting research and
advising on financial and private sector development issues. She has published
articles in many of the leading economics and finance journals such as Journal
of Finance, Journal of Financial Economics, Journal of Financial and
Quantitative Analysis, The Review of Financial Studies, Journal of Banking and
Finance, Journal of Monetary Economics, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,
Journal of Economic Perspectives etc. and is among the most-cited researchers
in the world (Google Scholar = 76K). Her research has focused on the links
between financial development, firm performance, and economic development. Banking
and financial crises, financial regulation, access to financial services and
inclusion, as well as SME finance and entrepreneurship are among her areas of
research. She has also created the Global Financial Development Report series
and the Global Findex financial inclusion database. She was the President of
the International Atlantic Economic Society (2013-14) and Director of the
Western Economic Association (2015-18) and serves on the editorial boards of
professional journals. Prior to her position in the World Bank, she was an
Economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. She holds a Ph.D. and M.A.
in economics from Ohio State University.
Klaus
F. Zimmermann is President of the Global Labor Organization (GLO);
Co-Director of POP at UNU-MERIT; Full Professor of Economics at Bonn University
(em.); Honorary Professor, Maastricht University, Free University of Berlin and
Renmin University of China; Member, German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina,
Regional Science Academy, and Academia Europaea (Chair of its Section for
Economics, Business and Management Sciences). Among others, he has worked at
Macquarie University, the Universities of Melbourne, Princeton, Harvard,
Munich, Kyoto, Mannheim, Dartmouth College and the University of Pennsylvania.
Research Fellow of the Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) and Fellow of
the European Economic Association (EEA). Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of
Population Economics. Editorial Board of International Journal of Manpower,
Research in Labor Economics and Comparative Economic Studies, among others.
Founding Director, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA); Past-President,
German Institute for Economic Research (DIW). Distinguished John G. Diefenbaker
Award 1998 of the Canada Council for the Arts; Outstanding Contribution Award
2013 of the European Investment Bank. Rockefeller Foundation Policy Fellow
2017; Eminent Research Scholar Award 2017, Australia; EBES Fellow Award 2018.
He has published in many top journals including Journal of Economic Perspectives,
American Economic Review, Econometrica, Journal of the European Economic
Association, Journal of Human Resources, Journal of Applied Econometrics,
Public Choice, Review of Economics and Statistics, Journal of Population
Economics and Journal of Public Economics. His research fields are population,
labor, development, and migration.
Marco
Vivarelli is a full professor at the Catholic University of
Milano, where he is also Director of the Institute of Economic Policy. He is
Professorial Fellow at UNU-MERIT, Maastricht; Research Fellow at IZA, Bonn;
Fellow of the Global Labor Organization (GLO). He is member of the Scientific
Executive Board of the Eurasia Business and Economics Society (EBES); member of
the Scientific Advisory Board of the Austrian Institute of Economic Research
(WIFO, Vienna) and has been scientific consultant for the International Labour
Office (ILO), World Bank (WB), the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and the European Commission.
He is Editor-in-Chief of the Eurasian Business Review, Editor of Small Business
Economics, Associate Editor of Industrial and Corporate Change, Associate
Editor of Economics E-Journal, member of the Editorial Board of Sustainability
and he has served as a referee for more than 70 international journals. He is
author/editor of various books and his papers have been published in journals
such as Cambridge Journal of Economics, Canadian Journal of Economics,
Economics Letters, Industrial and Corporate Change, International Journal of
Industrial Organization, Journal of Economics, Journal of Evolutionary
Economics, Journal of Productivity Analysis, Labour Economics, Oxford Bulletin
of Economics and Statistics, Regional Studies, Research Policy, Small Business
Economics, Southern Economic Journal, World Bank Research Observer, and World
Development. His current research interests include the relationship between
innovation, employment, and skills; the labor market and income distribution
impacts of globalization; the entry and post-entry performance of newborn
firms.
Dorothea
Schäfer is the Research Director of Financial Markets at the
German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin) and Adjunct Professor of
Jönköping International Business School, Jönköping University. She has also
worked as an evaluator for the European Commission, the Federal Ministry of
Education and Research and Chairwoman of Evaluation Committee for LOEWE
(Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-ökonomischer Exzellenz des
Bundeslandes Hessen). She managed various research projects supported by the
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), the EU Commission, the Fritz Thyssen
Foundation and the Stiftung Geld und Währung. Her researches were published in
various journals such as Journal of Financial Stability; German Economic
Review; International Journal of Money and Finance; Small Business Economics;
and Economic Modelling. She is regularly invited as an expert in parliamentary
committees, including the Finance Committee of the Bundestag and gives lectures
on financial market issues in Germany and abroad. She is also a member of the
Editorial Board and Editor-in-Chief of the policy-oriented journal
“Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung” (Quarterly Journal for
Economic Research) and Editor-in-Chief of Eurasian Economic Review. Her
research topics include financial crisis, financial market regulation,
financing constraints, gender, and financial markets, financial transaction
tax.
Board Prof. Klaus F. Zimmermann, UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University, The Netherlands, & GLO. Prof. Jonathan Batten, University Utara Malaysia, Malaysia & GLO Prof. Iftekhar Hasan, Fordham University, U.S.A. Prof. Euston Quah, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Prof. John Rust, Georgetown University, U.S.A., & GLO Prof. Dorothea Schäfer, German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin), Germany, and GLO Prof. Marco Vivarelli, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Italy, & GLO
Abstract/Paper Submission
Authors are invited to submit their abstracts or papers no later than April 12, 2020.
Qualified papers can be published in EBES journals
(Eurasian Business Review and Eurasian Economic Review) or EBES Proceedings
books after a peer-review process without any submission or publication fees.
In this regard, qualified papers from the 32nd EBES Conference will be
published in the special issues of EABR and EAER. However, if there are not
enough qualified papers submitted for the special issues, there will be no
special issues and qualified papers will be published in the regular issues of
the journals.
EBES journals (EABR and EAER) are published by
Springer and both are indexed in the SCOPUS, EBSCO EconLit with Full Text,
Google Scholar, ABS Academic Journal Quality Guide, CNKI, EBSCO Business
Source, EBSCO Discovery Service, EBSCO TOC Premier, International Bibliography
of the Social Sciences (IBSS), OCLC WorldCat Discovery Service, ProQuest
ABI/INFORM, ProQuest Business Premium Collection, ProQuest Central, ProQuest
Turkey Database, ProQuest-ExLibris Primo, ProQuest-ExLibris Summon, Research
Papers in Economics (RePEc), Cabell’s Directory, and Ulrich’s Periodicals
Directory. In addition, while EAER is indexed in the Emerging Sources Citation
Index (Clarivate Analytics), EABR is indexed in the Social Science Citation
Index (SSCI) and Current Contents / Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Also, all accepted abstracts will be published
electronically in the Conference Program and the Abstract Book (with an ISBN
number). It will be distributed to all conference participants at the
conference via USB. Although submitting full papers are not required, all the
submitted full papers will also be included in the conference proceedings in a
USB. After the conference, participants will also have the opportunity to send
their paper to be published (after a refereeing process managed by EBES) in the
Springer’s series Eurasian Studies in Business and Economics (no submission and
publication fees).
This will also be sent to Clarivate Analytics in order
to be reviewed for coverage in the Conference Proceedings Citation Index –
Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH). Please note that the 10th, 11th,
12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th (Vol. 2), and 24th EBES
Conference Proceedings are accepted for inclusion in the Conference Proceedings
Citation Index – Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH). Other conference
proceedings are in progress.
Important Dates
Abstract Submission Start Date: January 15, 2020 Abstract Submission Deadline: April 12, 2020 Reply-by: April 17 , 2020* Registration Deadline: May 29, 2020 Announcement of the Program: March 17, 2020 Paper Submission Deadline (Optional): June 4, 2020** Paper Submission for the EBES journals: September 15, 2020
* The decision regarding the acceptance/rejection of each abstract/paper will be communicated with the corresponding author within a week of submission. ** Completed paper submission is optional. If you want to be considered for the Best Paper Award or your full paper to be included in the conference proceedings in the USB, after submitting your abstract before April 12, 2020, you must also submit your completed (full) paper by May 29, 2020.
Contact Ugur Can, Director of EBES (ebes@ebesweb.org); EBES & GLO Dr. Ender Demir, Conferene Coordinator of EBES (demir@ebesweb.org); EBES & GLO
A new GLO Discussion Paper studies the effects of an increase in the compulsory school leaving age on teenage fertility of Roma women in Hungary. Schooling decreases fertility, but not in summer and Christmas breaks suggesting incapacitation and not the education channel is dominant.
The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.
Author Abstract: This paper examines the effects of an increase in the compulsory school leaving age on the teenage fertility of Roma women, a disadvantaged ethnic minority in Hungary. We use a regression discontinuity design identification strategy and show that the reform decreased the probability of teenage motherhood among Roma women by 13.4-26.0% and delayed motherhood by two years. We separate the incapacitation and human capital effects of education on fertility by exploiting a database that covers live births, miscarriages, abortions and still births, and contains information on the time of conception precise to the week. We find that longer schooling decreases the probability of getting pregnant during the school year but not during summer and Christmas breaks, which suggests that the estimated effects are generated mostly through the incapacitation channel.
A new GLO Discussion Paper studies how markets and non-market institutions determine the quantity, wages, skills, and spatial distribution of teachers in developing countries.
The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.
Author Abstract: The types of workers recruited into teaching and their allocation across classrooms can greatly influence a country’s stock of human capital. This paper considers how markets and non-market institutions determine the quantity, wages, skills, and spatial distribution of teachers in developing countries. Schools are a major source of employment in developing countries, particularly for women and professionals. Teacher compensation is also a large share of public budgets. Teacher labor markets in developing countries are likely to grow further as teacher quality becomes a greater focus of education policy, including under the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Theoretical approaches to teacher labor markets have emphasized the role of non-market institutions, such as government and unions, and other frictions in teacher employment and wages. The evidence supports the existence and importance of such frictions in how teacher labor markets function. In many countries, large gaps in pay and quality exist between teachers and other professionals; teachers in public and private schools; teachers on permanent and temporary contracts; and teachers in urban and rural areas. Teacher supply increases with wages, though teacher quality does not necessarily increase. However, most evidence comes from studies of short-term effects among existing teachers. Evidence on effects in the long-term, on the supply of new teachers, or on changes in non-pecuniary compensation is scarcer.
A new GLO Discussion Paper findswellbeing gender gaps in South Africa are explained mainly by gender differences in endowments.
The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.
Author Abstract: This paper investigates whether there is co-movement in subjective wellbeing (swb) gender gaps and objective wellbeing (owb) gender gaps over time and whether swb gender gaps are caused by gender differences in endowments or by the different ways men and women value the pre-mentioned. This is important, as global goals and national policy focus on the improvement of owb gender equality, ignoring the importance of swb gender equality. We use the NIDS dataset, comparing 2008 and 2017 data, and employ the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method in the analysis. We find i) the trends in owband swb gender gaps are unrelated and ii) the swb gender gaps are explained mainly by gender differences in endowments, but in 2017, due to women’s “optimism”, notwithstanding their lower levels of endowments, the swb between genders was equalised. These results indicate the need for a swb gender equality policy.
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